Author Archives: Karl

Producing

When we’re talking about goods, we can either talk about purchasing or producing them. Purchasing is a process where you buy something and resell the item to your customer with adding no or little value to the item. Producing however means that you buy materials and your produce an item out of those materials buy putting them together, changing them into specified forms etc.  Continue reading

Payment onto share capital account

Payments into equity are made to two types of accounts – share capital and reserves. No payments are to be made to retained earnings. Retained earnings account can only be changed in two circumstances – for paying dividends (that is payment is done from retained earnings) or changed when dealing with restructuring, i.e. merging or dividing entities. That’s however something we’re not focusing on at this point.   Continue reading

Entity’s capital – equity and loan payables

Capital of an entity is divided into two – internal and external capital. An internal capital is owner’s equity and external capital is what third party has “paid into the entity”. Normally loans given and not supplier payables are defined as external capital. The reason for that lies behind the subject matter – supplier payables are operations related whereas loans are taken for further investments either for expanding the business, buying new equipment etc.  Continue reading

Accounting for transaction costs when lending money

With loans you’ll be taking, often times the transaction costs are a significant part of the loan, i.e. like in our example of lending 100,000 a contract fee of 2,000 would be considered as significant. Now in case the cost is less significant, say 500, this would be charged to expenses right away and you’d account your loan received still as 100,000. However, pretending now that the cost was 2,000, you’d account as money obtained 100,000 less this 2,000 (that is 98,000) (see entry number 1) and this 2,000 would over time be credited onto the loan payable so that eventually you’ll still pay back 100,000 (see entry number 2).  Continue reading